Henry Hering and Adolph Weinman were like the Weil Brothers, Henri and Felix. They were all sculptors’ assistants. But where the Weils worked for sculptors Alexander Doyle, Philip Martiny, Jules Roine, Olin Levi Warner and their brother-in-law George Wagner, Henry Hering and Adolph Weinman worked for the most prominent sculptor in America, Augustus Saint-Gaudens.
Felix Weil had first met Adolph Weinman at the National Academy of Design, where they were both students about 1889. Weinman, a life-long friend of the Weils, though sometimes erasable in that relationship, was to become a top sculptor in his own right. Through it all, however, he was to use the talents of the two Weils, and came to use their services in being able to reduce bas-relief models, cut dies on their Janvier machine, and ultimately to produce medals from his models.
The Weils had first met Henry Hering at Philip Martiny’s studio in New York City in 1890. Previously Martiny had been an assistant to Saint-Gaudens and through Saint-Gaudens he had been awarded the contract to prepare all the sculpture for the Agriculture Building at the Chicago World’s Fair to be opened in 1892.
Martiny had hired Adolph Weinman, and a handful of other helpers – Isidore Konti, Frank Lemon, Anton Schaff and Henry Hering – before Felix Weil came on board. Working side-by-side these sculptors prepared models in New York City to be shipped to Chicago to be cast there.
The Forestry Building on the fairgrounds had been completed and was available for sculptors because of its giant size and glass roof with good light. The building was divided in half by drapery with Martiny’s assistants working on one side and another group of sculptors under Karl Bitter working on the other side. The sculptors had brought the models, started in New York, to this building in Chicago to be enlarged and cast there.
After the work was finished in Chicago, the sculptors all returned to New York. Henry Hering worked for Martiny at his studio in Rockville Center before he, like Weinman, became a Saint-Gaudens’ assistant. Henri worked on the sculptural decoration for the Waldorf Hotel. Felix goes to Paris for a year’s study at the School of Decorative Arts at the Louvre Museum, then returns to New York to work on the John Paul Jones statue by Charles H. Niehaus.
So it is evident that the sculptors, and their assistants, were a close nit group at this time. They all knew each other and often had worked together in a constant shifting among the studios of whoever got the contract to prepare some monument or sculpture or decorative architecture in a project too large for one artist to accomplish. Thus whoever got the contract would hire their friends as sculpture assistants.
The Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural Medal was required after Roosevelt’s successful election in 1904. The last month of that year, and into the next was a flurry of committee meetings, suggestions, assignments, but the most influence was Roosevelt’s alone. He wanted a more artistic medal than what had been produced in the past.
The medal committee finally permitted a larger medal and agreed that a sculptor be permitted to design and model the medal in preference to the medallic engravers employed in the past. The task was assigned to the top sculptor in America at the time, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, at Roosevelt’s insistence.
From design suggestions, Saint-Gaudens directed the design. But it was Adolph Weinman who created the actual model. His model was large for such an intended medal. He had prepared the president’s portrait in a 20-inch bas-relief. Plus a similar size of an eagle for the reverse.
Weinman knew how to reduce that large size. He took the models to Henri Weil who had to make an intermediate reduction in paraffin, cast that reduction, then make a subsequent reduction for a more suitable size to cut 3-inch dies and hubs to be turned over to Tiffany & Co, which was charged with the production of one gold medal and 150 bronze medals.
The American Philosophical Society was the spirit behind the movement for a medal to celebrate the bicentennial of Benjamin Franklin’s birth. This was to be celebrated January 17, 1906, the anniversary date. The Society’s initial effort started three years before, in April 1903.The Philosophical Society took a broad move by naming President Roosevelt a member at that time to insure its adoption.
A year later they sought enabling legislation for this to be sponsored by the State Department. It was assumed the medal would be struck by the Philadelphia Mint, but engraver Charles Barber stated it would take six months to reduce such a model, remembering how much effort was extended in 1892 for the Chicago World’s Fair medal from sculptor’s models, again in this instance, from Saint-Gaudens’ models.
Saint-Gaudens had accepted the commission as a project for his brother Louis. But the project did not go well. Author Michael Moran states in his book Striking Change:
The project did not get off to a smooth start. Morris called for a meeting of the committee at the end of September 1904. At the last minute Gus had to cancel because of sciatica. The meeting was rescheduled to October 21. Thus Gus was in New York for, among other things, this meeting on the Franklin medal when his [New York City] studio burned. It was an ill omen.
On top of that Saint-Gaudens was suffering from cancer, devoting less attention to the Franklin Medal. Also at this time he was being challenged by President Roosevelt to create models for a new American coin.
The date of the celebration came and went. Saint-Gaudens missed the deadline. He had not delivered models in time. Innumerable changes were required. Moran recounts the reasons thoroughly for six pages in his book, above mentioned. Because of Saint-Gaudens illness, and other factors, the models were greatly delayed. Henry Hering brought the models from Aspet in Cornish, New Hampshire, where Saint-Gaudens was recuperating to Henri Weil in New York.
Below is the entire entry on Augustus Saint-Gaudens from the author’s Databank of American Artists. It is not the longest – Victor D. Brenner’s is longer – but none is more important than the medallic items created by America’s most preeminent sculptor. See page 12 for the two medals of Medallic Art interest.
SAINT-GAUDENS, Augustus (1848-1907) Irish-American sculptor.
Born Dublin, Ireland, 1 March 1848.
Came to America the year of his birth where his family arrived in Boston in September, but settled in New York City in October 1848.
Saint-Gaudens’s first relief work was carving portrait cameos during the period 1861-1875 (Dryfhout catalog 1–9, passim to 55). His work in clay and plaster date from 1867 for the bronze bust of his father, Bernard P.E. Saint-Gaudens (Dryfhout 15). Much of his early work, however, was carving in marble and his first bas-reliefs were a pair of cameo-style marble reliefs created in 1873 (Dryfhout 43, 46).
In 1877 he created three bronze reliefs, his first in this technique, with the portrait plaquettes of David Maitland Armstrong, William G. Bunce and George W. Mayonard (Dryfhout 61-63). That same year he finished a 32-inch relief for the Henry E. Montgomery Memorial (outside the parameters of this databank’s arbitrary limit of 18-inch size to be listed, but those with connections to collectible size under 18-inch are listed under Sculpture).
Saint-Gaudens was a master of bas-relief. He created two dozen oversize relief plaques (Dryfhout 64 passim to 208). These were often mounted on wood frames, or over mantels inside, or for the base of monuments outside. Those 13 reliefs that had reductions – as he often chose to do – are listed here for these smaller size reductions.
His preferred method for his medallic art was casting, for reliefs and even for cast medals. He only authorized one medal to be struck – the 1892 Columbian Exposition Award Medal – and the U.S Treasury officials rejected his reverse. He never authorized a struck medal thereafter, although two were indeed struck: the 1905-6 Cornish Masque Commemorative Plaquette and the 1906 Franklin Bicentennial Medallion. But he was too ill at the time to mount a strong objection.
While he often shared the medallic work with his many assistants – or his brother – he had a strong influence in their design, even if another hand did the actual modeling. The signature was always his. (Dryfhout lists 20 of these assistants, there were sometimes as many as 15 working on different sculpture projects at once, almost like a sculpture factory! Every one of these artists went on to become well known on their own, it was, in effect, better experience than an art school.)
Saint-Gaudens was very knowledgeable in casting and working with clay and plaster. Virtually all his work was cast from a plaster pattern. However, his cast models for the Columbian Exposition Medal were altered (reverse even replaced!) by the engraving staff of the U.S. Mint; this led to his suspicions of striking thereafter and his displeasure with Philadelphia Mint engravers Charles Barber and George Morgan.
In his later years (even with his assistants) Saint-Gaudens delayed delivering the finished product on time. He and his assistants worked on the Seated Lincoln for nine years (1897-1906). Delivery of the Franklin Medal was a year and a half past the date of the ceremony! Perhaps this was due more to Saint-Gaudens striving for perfection rather than tardiness, overwork or a concern for a ceremony, after all, if a committee wanted a Saint-Gaudens’ creation they had to put up with his idiosyncrasies.
It was the Franklin Bicentennial Medal that brings Saint-Gaudens within the sphere of America’s Medallic Art Company.
He gave his full personal attention, however, to creating America’s most beautiful coin design, the high relief $20 gold piece of 1907. Accredited as the modern world’s most attractive coin, his desire was to prove to an American president – Theodore Roosevelt – that 20th century coin design could equal that of ancient Greeks. A century later, his art concept was indeed solidified by the U.S. Treasury issuing his high relief $20 coin Double Eagle as a gold bullion coin, replicating his 1907 original high relief in a 21st century version.
In addition to his accreditation as creating the modern world’s most attractive coin design, he is also universally considered – by every standard – to be America’s most preeminent sculptor.
His monograms are noteworthy. He signed the $20 coin model with AG monogram. It appears he tried to use a different style ASG monogram for each medallic work, a feat he could not do for his reliefs or sculpture in the round.
Recipient of the first American Academy of Arts and Letter Gold Medal for Sculpture, 1909. A decade earlier he was one of the founders and Fellow Member of the National Sculpture Society.
Died Cornish, New Hampshire, 3 August 1907, the year his models were first struck as United States gold coins.
C O I N S
1905-06 One Cent Coin (unaccepted models) . . . . . Dryfhout 204A
1906-07 $10 Gold Coin (unaccepted models) . . . . . Dryfhout 204B
1907 Eagle $10 No Motto Gold. . . . . . .Breen 7094-7099, KM 125
1908 Eagle $10 Motto Gold . . . . . . Baxter 201, Breen 7100-7137,
ANS (IECM) 25, Dryfhout 204B, KM 130
Illustrated: A49 {2009} Tolles. Saint-Gaudens Exhib . .p 48
1907 Double Eagle $20 High Relief Prototypes. . . . . . . Baxter 202,
Breen 7355-7361
1907 Double Eagle $20 No Motto. . . . . . . . . . . . Breen 7362-7367,
Dryfhout 204C KM 126
1908 Double Eagle $20 Motto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ANS (IECM) 26,
Baxter 203, Breen 7368-7419, KM 127
Illustrated: A49 {2009} Tolles. Saint-Gaudens Exhib . .p 48
B U L L I O N C O I N S
(Saint-Gaudens Type Bullion Coin Gold Coins; modified from Augustus Saint-Gaudens obv design; rev designed by Miley Busiek and modeled by Sherl J. Winter; struck by U.S. Mint and issued in proof surface each year):
1986 American Eagle One Ounce Fine Gold Fifty
Dollar Coin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .KM 219
1986 American EagleOne Half Ounce Fine Gold
Twenty-Five Dollar Coin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KM 218
1986 American Eagle One Quarter Ounce Fine
Gold Ten Dollar Coin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .KM 217
1986 American Eagle One Tenth Ounce Fine Gold
Five Dollar Coin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KM 216
2009 Double Eagle $20 Ultra High Relief (replicating the
1907 High Relief Prototype) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
R E L I E F S
1876-77 Le Noble (Leonie Marguerite) Circular
Relief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Dryfhout 66
1877 Armstrong (David Maitland) Plaquette . . . . . . . . . . Reliefs 4,
Dryfhout 61
1877 Bruce (William G.) Plaquette . . . . . . . Reliefs 5, Dryfhout 62
1877 Maynard (George Willoughby) Plaque . . . . . . . . . . Reliefs 6,
Dryfhout 63
1878 Armstrong (Helen Maitland) Plaquette . . . . . . . Dryfhout 72,
Reliefs 9
1878 Bunner (Andrew F.) Plaquette . . . . . . Reliefs 8, Dryfhout 73
1878 Cary (Walter Cary) Plaquette . . . . . . Reliefs 14, Dryfhout 76
1878 McKim (Charles Follen) Plaquette . . . .Tolles 9, Dryfhout 75
Collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art . . . . . . . . . . 24.20
Illustrated: A49 {2009} Tolles. Saint-Gaudens Exhib . p 13
1878 Three Friends Caricature Plaquette [Saint-Gaudens,
Stanford White, Charles McKim]. . . . . . . . . . . . .Reliefs 10,
Tolles 8, Dryfhout 74
Collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art . . . . . . . 1992.306
1878 Picknell (William L.) Plaqette . .. . . . . Reliefs 7, Dryfhout 71
Exhibited: National Academy of Design AE5 (1908) . #366
1879 Cary (Walter Cary) With Hat Plaque . . . .. . . . . Dryfhout 77,
Reliefs 15
1879 Chapin (Emelia Ward) Plaque. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Dryfhout 81
1879 Gilder Family Plaque [Richard Watson Gilder,
wife Helena de Kay, son Rodman] . . . . . . . . . Dryfhout 82,
Reliefs 11, Tolles 11
Collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art . . . . . . . 2002.445
Illustrated: N39 {2008} Moran, Striking Change, page . . 32
Illustrated: A49 {2009} Tolles. Saint-Gaudens Exhib . .p 11
1879 Giler (Rodman de Kay) Plaque. . . . . Reliefs 12, Dryfhout 83,
Tolles 12
Collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art . . . . . . . . 1994.50
1879 Johnston (William E.) Plaque . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Dryfhout 79
1879 Love (Maria) Plaquette . . . . . . . . . . . .Reliefs 16, Dryfhout 80
1879 Millet (Fancis D.) Relief . . . . . . . . . . . Tolles 10, Dryfhout 78
Collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art . . . . . . . . . 10.223
1880 Bastien-Lepage (Jules) Plaque. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dryfhout 87,
Tolles 15, Reliefs 18, Baxter 74
Collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art . . . . . . . . .12.76.4
Illustrated: A49 {2009} Tolles. Saint-Gaudens Exhib . .p 13
1880 Shiff (Henry) Plaque . . . . . . . . . . . . Reliefs 17, Dryfhout 85,
Storer 3367
1881 Holland (Josiah G.) Relief . . . . . . . . . Reliefs 24, Dryfhout 92
1881 Lee (Sarah Redwood) Plaquette (reduction from larger
plaque). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reliefs 22, Dryfhout 94
1881 Ward (Samuel Gray) Plaque. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Dryfhout 95,
Reliefs 23, Tolles 17
Collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art . . . . . . . . . . .12.29
Illustrated: A49 {2009} Tolles. Saint-Gaudens Exhib . .p 18
1882 Saint-Gaudens (Homer) Plaque . . . . . . . . . . . . .Dryfhout 100,
Reliefs 25, Tolles 20
Collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art . . . . .. . . . 05.15.2
1882 Vanderbilt (Cornelius I) Plaque. . . . .Dryfhout 101, Reliefs 26
Illustrated: A49 {2009} Tolles. Saint-Gaudens Exhib . .p 18
1882 Vanderbilt (Gertrude) Plaque . . . . . . Dryfhout 102, Reliefs 27
1884 Dunrobin Circular Relief [deerhound dog] . . . . Dryfhout 110
1884 Gray (Asa) Physician Plaque [over limits of this
book but listed in Storer; no reductions made
of this plaque]. . . . . . . . . . .Storer 1375, 1949, Dryfhout 112
1884 White (Bessie Smith) Circular Relief . . . . . . . . .Dryfhout 109,
Reliefs 30
1885 Beaman (William E.) Circular Relief. . . . . . . . . Dryfhout 116,
Reliefs 33
Exhibited: National Academy of Design AE5 (1908) . #368
1887-88 Stevenson (Robert Louis) Plaque [first
version] . . . . . . . . . . . . .Reliefs 39, Baxter 76, Dryfhout 133
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCA 45:346
Collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art . . . . . . . . . 12.76.1
Collection: Yale Univ Art Gallery (5 varieties >1) . 322-326
Illustrated: A49 {2009} Tolles. Saint-Gaudens Exhib . .p 29
1888 Van Rensselaer (Mariana Griswold) Plaque (reduction
from larger plaque). . . . . . . . . . . . Reliefs 35, Dryfhout 130
Collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art . . . . . . . . . 17.104
Illustrated: A49 {2009} Tolles. Saint-Gaudens Exhib . .p 28
1889 Cox (Kenyon) Plaque. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dryfhout 136
1889-90 Mead (Mary Gertrude) Relief. . . .Reliefs 36, Dryfhout 137
Collection: Yale Univ Art Gallery [>1].320-321, 1937.4003
1892 Cleveland (Frances Folsom) Circular Relief . . . . . .Reliefs 44,
Dryfhout 146
1892 Novy Circular Relief [infant portrait of Louis P.
Clark, whose mother was Saint-Gaudens model and
mistress, Davida Johnson Clark]. . . . . . . . . . . . . Reliefs 45,
Dryfhout 147
1894 Beaman (Charles C.) Relief (reduction from a
large relief). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reliefs 46, Dryfhout 155
1898 Howells (Mildred and William Dean) Plaque . . . . Reliefs 47,
Dryfhout 168
1898 Howells (Mildred) Portrait Medallion (from larger
relief of both her and husband William). . . . . Dryfhout 168
Illustrated: Vermeule A15 {1971} Numismatic Art, p. . 100
1899 Danna (Charles A.) Plaquette (reduction from large
relief). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dryfhout 170
1899 Stevenson (Robert Lewis) Portrait Plaque [second
version] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reliefs 40, Dryfhout 188
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCA 54:339
1900 Beaman (Hettie Evarts) Plaquette (reduction from
larger relief) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reliefs 48, Dryfhout 174
1901-03 Gray (Horace) Plaquette (reduction from larger
relief). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reliefs 49, Dryfhout 177
1901 Rogers (Jacob C.) Plaque (reduction from larger
relief). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dryfhout 178
1902 Gray (Anna Lyman) Plaque (reduction from larger
relief). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dryfhout 182
1902 MacVeagh (Wayne) Circular Relief . . . . . . . . . . . . Reliefs 50,
Dryfhout 180
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCA 64:682
1902-03 MacVeagh (Wayne and Virginia C.) Plaque (reduction
from larger relief). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dryfhout 180
1902-03 Moseley (William O.) Plaque . . .Reliefs 51, Dryfhout 186
1903 Stevenson (Robert Louis) Plaque [third version,
with reduction from even larger plaque). . . . .Dryfhout 188,
Reliefs 41
1903 Wolcott (Roger) Relief (reduction from larger
plaque). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dryfhout 183
1904 Adams (Henry) Caricature Medallion . . . . . . . . . . .Reliefs 53,
Dryfhout 191
1904 Finn (James W.) Caricature Plaquette . . . . . . . . . . .Reliefs 54,
Dryfhout 192
1904 Platt (Charles A.) Caricature Plaquette. . . . . . . . . . .Reliefs 52,
Dryfhout 193
1903-04 Matthews (Stanley and Mary Theaker) Plaquette
(reduction from large plaque). . . . . . . . . . . . . .Dryfhout 194
(1905 ca) Victory Circular Relief (also called Nikh-Eiphuh
Relief; cast by Gorham). . . . . . . . . Dryfhout 205, Baxter 80
Illustrated: N39 {2008} Moran, Striking Change, page . 211
1905 Sage (Dean) Circular Relief (reduction from
larger relief; cast by Gorham) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dryfhout 200
1908 Le Page Relief (cast by Gorham) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1908 Stevenson (Robert Louis) Portrait Relief Plaque
(18-inch cast by Gorham) . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .Gorhan QQT
1908 Stevenson (Robert Louis) Portrait Relief Plaque
(12-inch cast by Gorham) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gorhan QQT
S E A L S
1893 Smithsonian Institution Seal (design in plaster for
institution’s seal; obv unadopted, rev used for rev
of Hodgkins Medal, see below). . . . . . . . . . . . Dryfhout 150
B A D G E S
1889 Washington Inaugural Centennial Committee Badge (a
reduction of St-Gaudens larger medal). . . . . . . . Douglas 54
Auctions:. . . . . . . . PCA 43:298, PCA 45:60, PCA 47:289,
PCA 50:440, PCA 56:193, PCA 68:216
Collection: Cornell Univ Johnson Art Gallery . . . .. . . . 347
Illustrated: N39 {2008} Moran, Striking Change, page . 51
C A S T M E D A L S
1885 Sargent (John Singer) Cast Medal . . . . . . . . . . . Dryfhout 86,
Tolles 14, Reliefs 19, Baxter 75
Collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art . . . . . . . . . . 13.78
Illustrated: Vermeule A15 {1971} Numismatic Art p. . . . 98
Illustrated: MA2 {1999} Stahl, Medal In America, p . . 139
1889 Washington (George) Inaugural Centennial Medallion
(designed by Augustus St-Gaudens, modeled by Philip
Martiny; cast by Gorham) . . . . . . . . . . . . . (73), Douglas 53,
Baxter 77, Dryfhout 134, Walters 195
Auctions:. . . . . .. . CAL 28:543, CAL 29:825, CAL 30:522,
CAL 30:783, CAL 31:317, CAL 35:914; J&J 8:281-283,
J&J 10:1499-1501, J&J 11:786, J&J 14:672, J&J 15:256,
J&J 22:981, J&J 25:344, J&J 26:593; PCA 44:96,
PCA 45:59, PCA 46:157, PCA 48:546, PCA 50:439,
PCA 51:337, PCA 51:1070, PCA 54:438, PCA 55:84,
PCA 57:451, PCA 59:490, PCA 60:224, PCA 61:238,
PCA 64:250, PCA 65:361, PCA 66:250, PCA 67:241,
PCA 68:215, PCA 69:337, PCA 71:218, PCA 80:211
Collection: American Numismatic Society [>1] 1976.263.9
Collection: Cornell Univ Johnson Art Gallery . . . . . . . . 346
Collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art . . . . . . . . . 90.18.1
Collection: Newark Museum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 00.350
Collection: Princeton Library Vermeule (NC000) . . .. . 143
Collection: Smithsonian National Numismatic. . . . 377:279
Collection: Walters Art Gallery Baltimore. . . . . .
Collection: Washington & Lee University. . . . . . .
Exhibited: Utah Museum of Fine Arts (1991) . . . . . . . . .143
Illustrated: P2 The Numismatist 56:1 (January 1943) p . . 94
Illustrated: A15 {1971} Vermeule, Numismatic Art page 96
Illustrated: MA2 {1999} Stahl, Medal In America, page 52
Illustrated: A49 {2009} Tolles. Saint-Gaudens Exhib . .p 52
1892 Columbian Exposition Award Medal (designed by
Augustus, modeled by Louis Saint-Gaudens). Dryfhout 151,
ANS (IECM) 27, Baxter 86, type of Eglit 330
Auctions:. . . . . . PCA 80:296[cast of rejected reverse]
1898 Howells (William Dean) Cast Medallion (portrait from
larger plaque of Howells and his wife, Mildred, with
addition of lettering for medallion cast). . . . . .Dryfhout 168
1905-6 Massachusetts Civil Service Reform Association
Women’s Auxiliary Medallion (designed by St-Gaudens,
modeled by Frances Grimes, cast by Gorham) . .Storer 1321,
ANS (IECM) 3, Dryfhout 199
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .PCA 80:405
Collection: Cornell Univ Johnson Art Gallery . . . . . . . . 349
Illustrated: C14 {1996} Marqusee, covers, p 69, with
comments on the creation of this medal by DWJ.
1906 Franklin (Benjamin) Bicentennial Medallion (designed
by Augustus, modeled by Louis Saint-Gaudens; earliest
variety) . . . . . . . . . . Greenslet GM-117, Fuld FR.M.UN.6
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCA 44:342, PCA 45:351
Collection: Smithsonian National Numismatic. . . . 391:372
Illustrated: N39 {2008} Moran, Striking Change,color p .19
G A L V A N O C A S T S
1879 Millet (Francis Davis) Plaque. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dryfhout 78,
Reliefs 13, Baxter 73
Collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art . . . . . . . . . 10.223
Exhibited: National Academy of Design AE5 (1908) no 370
1892 Columbian Exposition Pattern Galvanos (obv by
Saint-Gaudens rev by Charles E. Barber) [exhibited by
American Numismatic Society, 1911]. . . . ANS (IECM) 27,
Rulau X4, Eglit 330
S T R U C K M E D A L S
1892 Columbian Exposition Award Medal (designed by
Augustus, modeled by Louis Saint-Gaudens). Dryfhout 151,
ANS (IECM) 27, Baxter 86
Collection: American Numismatic Society. . . . . 1961.137.2
Illustrated: P8 Medallic Sculpture 2 (Fall 1985)
Illustrated: P9 Medallies (1987) both sides, page. . . . . . .112
Illustrated: MA2 {1999} Stahl, Medal In America, p . . . 138
Illustrated: M57 {2007} Jaeger-Bowers, 100 Great #53, p 64
1892 Columbian Exposition Medal (obv by Augustus St-Gaudens,
rev by C.E. Barber; dies made at Philadelphia Mint,
medals struck by Scovill, Waterbury). . . . . . (75), Eglit 90,
ANS (IECM) 23, Baxter 87, Rulau X3,
National Maritime W 3, Storer 160
Auctions:. . . . . . . CAL 28:219, CAL 30:783, CAL 31:319,
CAL 35:527; J&J 7:187-188, J&J 9:607, J&J 10:149,
J&J 11:325, J&J 13:273, J&J 14:283, J&J 15:172,
J&J 16:577-689, J&J 17:577, J&J 19:572, J&J 23:310,
J&J 25:205, J&J 27:1080; NAS 22:4094-4096; PCA 42:340,
PCA 43:347, PCA 46:201-202, PCA 46:1089-1090,
PCA 47:344-345, PCA 49:361, PCA 50:279, PCA 50:1202,
PCA 51:235-236, PCA 52:231, PCA 53:223, PCA 55:259,
PCA 56:388, PCA 56:1747, PCA 57:302, PCA 57:454-455,
PCA 59:491-492, PCA 63:318, PCA 64:550, PCA 65:395,
PCA 66:274, PCA 67:267, PCA 68:303, PCA 69:341-342,
PCA 71:396-397, PCA 72: 482, PCA 80:295
Archives: Inventory of Am Sculpture . . . . . . IAS 1200073
Collection: American Numismatic Society [>1] 1933.64.12
Collection: Art Institte of Chicago. . . . . . . . . . . .1920.1031
Collection: Cornell Univ Johnson Art Gallery . . . . . . . 348
Collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art . . . . . . . . . 1995.4
Collection: Newark Museum New Jersey . . . . . . . . 00.185
Collection: Princeton Library Vermeule (NC2002-72)143A
Collection: Smithsonian National Numismatic. . . .362:189
Illustrated: Century Magazine 54:6 (June 1897) p . 198,199
Illustrated: International Studio 33:2 (Feb 1908) p . . . . 138
Illustrated: A15 {1971} Vermeule Art in America, p .94-95
Illustrated: P8 Medallic Sculpture 2 (Fall 1985) page . . . . 8
Illustrated: P9 Medallies (1987) both sides, page. . . . . . . 77
Illustrated: MA2 {1999} Stahl, Medal In America, 137-138
Illustrated: A49 {2009} Tolles. Saint-Gaudens Exhib . .p 71
Illustrated: M57 {2007} Jaeger-Bowers, 100 Great #53 p 64
Illustrated: M62 {2008}Swoger, Nat Comm Medals p . . 34
Illustrated: N39 {2008} Moran, Striking Change, color p 14
1893 Columbian Exposition Medal (small size gold using
St-Gaudens and Barber designs) . . . . . . . . . . .
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCA 59:11
1905 Roosevelt (Theodore) Inaugural Medal (designed by
Saint-Gaudens, modeled by Adolph Weinman; reductions
made by Henri Weil from Weinman’s 20-inch models;
struck by Tiffany) . . . Reliefs 55, Baxter 78, Dryfhout 197,
Tolles 46, Levine TR 1905
Auctions:. . . . BMP 2:5779-5781; PCA 43:22, PCA 44:239,
PCA 55:116, PCA 64:275, PCA 68:239, PCA 70:291,
PCA 71:14, PCA 73:443
Collection: American Numismatic Society. . . . 1961.137.1
Collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art . . . . . . . 2008.112
Collection: Princeton Library Vermeule (NC000) . . . . . 160
Exhibited: Utah Museum of Fine Arts (1991) . . . . . . . . .160
Illustrated: Art & Archaeology 8: (July-Aug 1919) p . . .199
Illustrated: Vermeule A15 {1971} Numismatic Art p. . . 109
Illustrated: Jaeger-Bowers M57 {2007} 100 Great #27, p 38
Illustrated: Jaeger M61{2008} U.S. Tokens, Medals, p .198
Illustrated: Moran N39 {2008} Striking Change p C18, 230
Illustrated: A49 {2009} Tolles. Saint-Gaudens Exhib . .p 47
1905-6 Cornish Masque Commemorative Plaquette (records
say cast, but looks struck; made by Tiffany & Co,
who may have, indeed, made dies and struck the 90
pieces required) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Baxter 79, Dryfhout 202
Auctions: Schulman (H.M.F.) unkown date
Collection: American Numismatic Society. . . . . 1961.137.3
Collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art . . . . . . . . . 08.216
Illustrated: A49 {2009} Tolles. Saint-Gaudens Exhib . .p 49
1906 Franklin (Benjamin) Bicentennial Medallion (designed
by Augustus, modeled by Louis Saint-Gaudens;
reductions and dies cut by Henri Weil, produced
by Tiffany). . . . . . . . .Baxter 81, Freeman 188, MAco 06-02
Greenslet GM-118 to GM-120, Fuld FR.M.UN.7
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BMP 2:5683; PCA 67:384
Collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art . . . . . . . . .06.1192
Collection: Smithsonian National Numismatic. . . . .381:298
Collection: Princeton Library Vermeule (NC000) . . . . . 164
Exhibited: Utah Museum of Fine Arts (1991) . . . . . . . . .164
Illustrated: Nat Scu Soc Exhibit Cat (4-25 Apr 1908) p . . 15
Illustrated: [Trees] Medallic Art in Commerce (1927) p . .14
Illustrated: P2 The Numismatist (December 1956) p . . 1386
Illustrated: TAMS Journal 6:1 (March-April 1966) p . . . 39
Illustrated: N39 {2008} Moran, Striking Change, color p .19
Illustrated: N39 {2008} Moran, Striking Change, p 245-246
R E P L I C A S & R E I S S U E S
1889 Washington Inauguration Centennial New York Medal
(struck white metal bronzed) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Douglas 54
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . .CAL 28:544; J&J 15:257, J&J 21:479,
J&J 27:953; PCA 58:250, PCA 59:1670, PCA 60:225
1889 Washington Inauguration Centennial New York Committee
Badge (Tiffany medal, 48). . . . . . . . . . . . .
1893 Columbian Exposition Medal (replicated and issued
by recipient, C. Emmerich & Co.) . . .. . . Eglit 19, HK 223,
Rulau X1
Auctions:. . . . . . . . BMP 1:4148; CAL 28:211; J&J 8:1311,
PCA 45:1111-1112, PCA 55:122, PCA 52:1129-1130
Collection: American Numismatic Society. . 1935.999.308
1896 Smithsonian Institution Hodgkins Medal (also called
the Hodgkins Committee of 1895 Medal; modeled by Jules
C. Chaplain, rev seal design by Augustus Saint-Gaudens)
[named for donor Thomas G. Hodgkins; competition for
design of medal won by Olin Warner, but unaccepted and
medal commissioned to Chaplain; medal replaced in
1965 by Hodgkins Medal by Manca (65-102)]. . . Baxter 12,
Mazerolle 50, Dryfhout 150
Collection: American Numismatic Society. . . . 1926.116.3
1914 Maynard (George) Portrait Relief Plaque . . . . . . . . .
1914 Shaw Monument Court of Honor Medal (Saint-Gaudens’s
Shaw Monument appears on obv of header medal with
bell-shaped drop). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Storer 308
1962 Saint-Gaudens Coin Designer Medal (obv in imitation
of Saint-Gaudens’s Columbian Expo Medal; engraved
by Robert Schabel, struck by Metal Arts, Rochester NY,
issued by Toivo Johnson) . . . . . . . . . Rulau XA4, Eglit 379
Auctions:. . . . . . . . .CAL 28:496; CAL 29:760; J&J 8:1132,
J&J 8:1622, J&J 25:1434, J&J 26:747; NAS 65:2278,
NAS 65:2280; NAS 72:450; PCA 46:1296-1297,
PCA 48:421, PCA 52:1504, PCA 53:1601, PCA 55:1676,
PCA 56:1784, PCA 58:1953, PCA 57:1866-1867,
PCA 59:1934, PCA 60:1596, PCA 61:1348, PCA 64:2046,
PCA 65:1854, PCA 67:928, PCA 71:1394-1395
Collection: American Numismatic Society [>1] 1981.101.1
E X O M E D A L L I C
1875-1876 Bryant Vase (designed by James Horton Whitehouse
(q.v.), cast in silver by Tiffany & Co, decorated with five
of six medallions by Augustus Saint-Gaudens) . . . ..Tolles 7
Collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art . . . . . . . . . . . .77.9
Illustrated: A49 {2009} Tolles. Saint-Gaudens Exhib . . p 11
S C U L P T U R E
1880 Children of Prescott Hall Butler Marble Relief. . Drythout 99,
Tolles 16
Collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art . . . . . . . . . 05.15.1
Illustrated: A49 {2009} Tolles. Saint-Gaudens Exhib . .p 53
1882 Saint-Gaudens (Homer Schiff) Marble Relief. Dryfhout 100-2
Illustrated: A49 {2009} Tolles. Saint-Gaudens Exhib . .p 18
1884 White (Bessie Smith) Marble Relief (Mrs. Stanford
White) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Tolles 21, Dryfhout 109-1
Collection: Meropolitan Musem of Art . . . . . . . . .1976.388
Illustrated: A49 {2009} Tolles. Saint-Gaudens Exhib . .p 27
1884-85 Children of Jacob Henry Schiff Marble
Relief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dryfhout 119-2
Illustrated: A49 {2009} Tolles. Saint-Gaudens Exhib . .p 20
1888 Chase (William Merritt) Relief . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dryfhout 131
Illustrated: A49 {2009} Tolles. Saint-Gaudens Exhib . .p 29
1892-1903 Victory Statue [model for 1907 $20 Gold
piece]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dryfhout 184-9
Illustrated: A49 {2009} Tolles. Saint-Gaudens Exhib . .p 41
1899 Lowell (Josephine Shaw) Marble Relief . . . . . Dryfhout 172,
Tolles 43
Collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art .. . . . . . . . . 25.89
1905 Golden Bowl of the Masque . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Illustrated: N39 {2008} Moran, Striking Change, page . 367
1905ca Head of Victory (same as model for Victory Relief, also
called Niki-Eiphnh Relief, see above). . . . . . . . . .
Illustrated: N39 {2008} Moran, Striking Change, page . 211
1905 Saint-Gaudens (Augusta) Portrait Relief (Augustus’s last
work, a portrait of his wife, cast by Gorham). . . . . . . . .
Illustrated: N39 {2008} Moran, Striking Change, color p 32
1908 Fete at Cornish Relief (cast by Gorham) [see struck plaquette
above, Baxter 79, Dryfhout 202] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1908 Magee Memorial Relief (cast by Gorham) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Portrait medals of Augustus Saint-Gaudens:
1898 Saint-Gaudens (Augustus) Cast Plaquette (modeled by
Helen F. Mears in 1898, plaquette carries 1916 copyright
date, cast by Gorham). . . . . . . . Baxter 214, ANS (IECM) 1
Collection: American Numismatic Society. . . . . .1923.55.1
Exhibited: Art Institute of Chicago AE2 (1916) no. . . . 780
Illustrated: MA1 {1988} Stahl, Medal In America, p . . 205
1901 Pan American Exposition Special Medal of
Honor [by James Earle Fraser] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Baxter 107
Collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art . . . . . . 09.114a,b
Illustrated: The Century Magazine 75 (1908) page . . . 713
Illustrated: Vermeule A15 {1971} Numismatic Art p. . .127
Illustrated: MA1 {1988} Stahl, Medal In America, p . . 186
Illustrated: A49 {2009} Tolles. Saint-Gaudens Exhib . .p 77
1928 Saint-Gaudens Plaquette [by Warner
Williams] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MAco 28-44
1937 Saint-Gaudens Plaquette [modeled by John
Flanagan in 1934, struck 1937]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . MAco 37-15
1969 New Hampshire Statehood Series Medal [by
Ralph J. Menconi] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MAco 62-2-32
1971 Saint-Gaudens Hall of Fame for Great Americans
Medal [by Stanley F. Martineau] . . . . . . . . . . . MAco 63-1-70
A R C H I V E S
AAA Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, 9 items on partial microfilm reels D10,
3621.
GA Gorham Company Archives.
MACO [Trees (Clyde Curlee)] Medallic Art in Commerce, Civics, Philanthropy, Letters
and Science. New York: Medallic Art Company (1927) 39 pages.
C O L L E C T I O N S
C4 {1912} Comparette 189, p 362; 279 377; 298 381; 372 391.
C8 {1965} Gardner 10.223, 12.76.4 p 46-48; 12.29 48; 12.76.1 50; 17.104 50-51;
90.18.1, 06.1192, 08.216, 13.78, 24.20 56.
C12 {1977} Mayor and Davis 1–7, p 154.
C13 {1992} Freedman and Frank 320-326, p 154-156.
C14 {1996} Marqusee 346-349, p 68-69, (biography) 95.
R E F E R E N C E S
E3 {1902-30} Forrer 2:215-216; 5:298-301.
E4 {1903} Caffin. American Masters of Sculpture.
BL {1906} A.L.A. Portrait Index, p 1280.
P1 {1907} American Journal of Numismatics 42: (1907) p 31.
P2 {1908} The Numismatist 20:9 (September 1908) p 266.
P2 {1909} Saxton (Burton H.) St-Gaudens Biography. The Numismatist 22:6 (June 1909) p
161.
NE2 {1911} ANS (IECM) 25-27, p 335 (biography), illus 338; [Grimes p 118].
D5 {1915} Earle, p 275.
P2 {1920} Anon. Trial Pieces of St-Gaudens Eagles and Double Eagles. The Numismatist 33:8
(August 1920) p 348-349, illus.
M10 {1923} Storer (Massachusetts) 308 p 41, 1321 171, 1949 254.
D8 {1926} Fielding, p 314, 511-512
M12 {1927} Eidlitz 666.
A2 {1927} Fairman, p 327 (portrait), 359-360, passim.
M14 {1931} Storer (medical) 1375, p 213-214, 2452 342, 3367 455.
D12 {1937} College Art Association, p 161-171, 176, 177, 179-180.
M17 {1937} National Maritime W 3, p 268-269.
R6 {1950ca} Weil. Unpublished manuscript. (Flanagan recommends Henri Weil reduce Saint-Gaudens’ model of Benjamin Franklin Medal.)
P2 {1943} Saxton (Burton H.) Two Famous Americans: Augustus Saint-Gaudens and J. Edouard Roiné. The Numismatist 56:1 (January 1943) p 94-96.
B1 {1943} Who Was Who, p 1073.
BE {1943} Webster’s Biographical Dictionary, p 1302.
S7 {1949} Douglas 53-54.
P2 {1956} Saxton (Burton H.) Franklin Bicentennial Medallion. The Numismatist 69:12
(December 1956) p 1386-1387, illus.
101 {1956} Walters 195.
N10 {1958} Adelson, passim.
D17 {1960} Wadia.
P2 {1961} Numismatic Experiment: Twenty-dollar Gold Piece Designed by St-Gaudens Archaeology 14:4 (April 1961) p 216-217, illus.
S14 {1963} Eglit 19, p 24; 90 41; 330 79; 379 85.
M20 {1963} Hibler and Kappen 223, p 28.
M21 {1964} Freeman 188, p 93.
M25 {1965} U.S. Mint, p 260.
P4 {1966} Fuld (George J.) New Franklin Medal by St-Gaudens TAMS Journal 6:2 (March-April 1966) p 39.
N16 {1967} Taxay, p 18, 19, 72.
A12 {1968} Craven, passim, (biblio) 746.
P2 {1968} Lannon (D.B.) A Living Coinage. The Numismatist 81:3 (March 1968) pp 283-300, illus.
A13 {1968} Proske, p 7-11, (biblio) 538.
K24c{1969} Smithsonian Institution. Augustus Saint- Gaudens The Portrait Reliefs in The
National Portrait Gallery. Cited herein as “Reliefs.”
P6 {1969} Taxay (Don) Saint-Gaudens and the United States Mint. Coins 16:11
(November 1969) pp 34-41, illus.
A14 {1970} Osborne, p 1032.
A15 {1971} Vermeule, passim.
C10 {1972} Norton (73), (75) p 31.
N21 {1974} Clain-Stefanelli, p 170, 242; illustrations 145, 171.
A18 {1974} Goode, p 45.
AEW {1976} Whitney Museum of Art (bio) p 306-307.
M39 {1981} Levine p 37-39, (biography) 103.
A26 {1982} Baigell, p 315-316.
K24a{1982} Dryfhout (John H.) The Work of Augustus St- Gaudens. Hanover & London:
University Press of New England. 356 pp, illus. Major catalog. Coins: 204, p 280, 204A 280-81, 204B 281-82, 204C 283-287. Reliefs passim. Cast medals: 86 106, 134 177-78, 168 232-33, 180 248-49, 197 271, 199 273, 205 288. Struck medals: 151 201-02, 202 276-77. Extensive bibliography.
A27 {1983} Evert, p 430-431.
E17 {1983} Pessolano-Filos, p 102.
N27 {1984} Jung, p 221.
BF1 {1985} Falk, p 538.
P8 {1985} Leotti (Elaine J.) Augustus Saint-Gaudens Rejected by Senate Committee. Medallic Sculpture 2 (Fall 1985) p 8.
S48 {1985} Rulau and Fuld (Douglas) 53, p 216-217.
D33 {1986} Opitz, p 805-806.
M42 {1987} Baxter 77, p 5; 73-81 28-31; 86-87 34; 201-203, 54; 107 38; 164 46.
O12 {1988} Breen 7094-7137,p 558-561; 7355-7419 572-578.
AE1 {1988} Falk, p 2:421.
S52 {1989} Rulau, Discovering America X3, X4, p 139.
AE2 {1990} Art Institute of Chicago, p 780.
AE5 {1990} National Academy of Design, p 456.
BW6{1990} Rubinstein, p 119, 123-141.
N31 {1992} Smith. American Numismatic Biographies, p 205-206.
A32 {1993} Reynolds, 187, passim.
A33 {1993} Salmon, p 21-24, (biblio) 285.
A44 {1996} Salmon, American Masters, p 53.
BANB{1999} American National Biography, p 19:198-201, by Lois Goldreich Marcus.
BF2 {1999} Falk. Who Was Who in American Art, p 3:2874-2875.
MA2 {1999} Stahl (Alan M., editor) The Medal in America: ∙ Thayer Tolles “A Bit of Artistic Idealism: Augustus Saint-Gaudens’s World’s Columbian Exposition Commemorative Presentation Medal” pp 135-156.
P2 {2001} Kuhl (Jason F.) The Portrayal of Native Americans on U.S. Coinage. The Numismatist 114:2 (February 2001) p 150-155.
N36 {2002} Bowers, More Adventures, p 275-286 (U.S. 1907 $20 gold Roman numeral date).
N37 {2005} Burdette. Renaissance of American Coinage, all 3 volumes passim.
D3a {2006} Benezit.Dictionary of Artists, p 12:262.
M57 {2007} Jaeger (Katherine) and Bowers (Q. David) 100 Greatest American Medals and Tokens. 1905 Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural Medal, listed as #27, p 38; 1893 Columbian Exposition Award Medal listed as #79, p 90.
A49 {2009} Tolles (Thayer) Augustus Saint-Gaudens in the Metropolitan Museum of Art: New York: Metropolitan Museum of Modern Art, and New Haven and London: Yale University (2009) 80 pages, illus [exhibition of 58 items].
M61 {2008} Jaeger (Katherine) Guide Book of United States Tokens and Medals, p 198.
N39 {2008} Moran (Michael F.) Striking Change; The Great Artistic Collaboration of Theodore Roosevelt and Augustus Saint-Gaudens. [Major work on Saint-Gaudens in American coin and medal numismatics.]
N41 {2009} Reed (Fred). Abraham Lincoln, The Image of His Greatness, p 84, 154, 155- 157, 177, 181, 188, 192, 195-196, 198, 219, 224, 228.
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